Temozolomide
Uses of Temozolomide
Temozolomide is primarily used for managing certain types of brain tumours, such as glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma. It falls under the category of imidazotetrazine medications.
Additionally, it is used as an adjuvant treatment for newly diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma in adults.
Side effects of Temozolomide
Thrombocytopenia
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
How Temozolomide works
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent and falls within a group of medicines known as imidazotetrazines.
It functions by interfering with the DNA (the genetic material) inside the cancer cells. This prevents them from growing and multiplying, resulting in the slowing down or halting of cancer cell growth in the body. It targets the DNA during the process of cell replication and causes cell death. This mechanism of action makes Temozolomide particularly effective against certain types of brain tumours, including glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Temozolomide is available in the form of capsules for oral administration.
It is also available as a solution for intravenous infusion.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Temozolomide is intended for use in adults.
The use of this medicine in children less than 3 years is not recommended due to insufficient data on safety and efficacy.
Contraindications
Temozolomide is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to temozolomide or any of its components.
It is also contraindicated in patients with severe myelosuppression.
Other Medications to Avoid
This medicine can interact with other chemotherapy agents (e.g., cisplatin and carboplatin), anticonvulsants (e.g., valproic acid and carbamazepine), and medicines that induce or inhibit CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole and rifampin).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Temozolomide can cause severe health complications such as myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and hepatotoxicity. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of water can help manage some of the gastrointestinal side effects, like nausea and vomiting.
Taking the medicine with food can help reduce stomach discomfort.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Temozolomide may cause drowsiness or fatigue, which may affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. If you feel tired or drowsy after taking this medicine, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Temozolomide has potential risks to the foetus. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
It is not known whether temozolomide is excreted in human milk. Therefore, women should be advised not to breastfeed while receiving this medication.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with liver or kidney disease should use Temozolomide with caution.
Patients with blood disorders should also exercise caution, as Temozolomide can cause myelosuppression.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Follow a balanced diet to maintain your strength and energy levels during your treatment.
Rest and avoid strenuous activities as much as possible to mitigate fatigue, a common side effect of chemotherapy.
Stay hydrated and eat small, frequent meals to manage nausea and vomiting.
Avoid close contact with people who have infections, as Temozolomide can decrease your body's ability to fight infections.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a prescription to get Temozolomide or is it available over-the-counter?
Temozolomide is not available over-the-counter; it requires a prescription from a doctor.
Is Temozolomide taken orally or via injection?
Temozolomide can be administered either orally in capsule form or via an intravenous injection. The mode of administration will depend on the specific needs and conditions of the patient.
What should I do if I have an allergic reaction to Temozolomide?
If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction to Temozolomide, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, immediately seek medical attention.
Can Temozolomide impact my blood cell count?
Yes, Temozolomide can potentially cause severe myelosuppression, which is a reduction in the ability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood counts is a crucial part of the treatment process when using this medication.
What kind of medicine Is Temozolomide?
Temozolomide falls under the category of an alkylating agent, which is a type of medicine used primarily for managing certain types of brain tumours.
How long does a patient typically take Temozolomide?
The duration depends on the specific diagnosis and individual patient response. For newly diagnosed brain tumours like glioblastoma multiforme, it is usually taken daily with radiation for 42-49 days, followed by 6 maintenance cycles. Always follow the doctor's instructions regarding intake.
Is there a risk of developing secondary cancers with Temozolomide?
Yes, there may be an increased risk of developing secondary malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and certain solid tumours, when taking Temozolomide. Regular monitoring for signs and symptoms of these diseases is important during treatment.
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