Rifampicin
Uses of Rifampicin
The primary use of Rifampicin is to manage tuberculosis (TB) as an antibiotic. It is a first-line medicine used for treating all forms of TB, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. It is an antibiotic medication.
It is also used in treating leprosy in combination with other medicines like dapsone and clofazimine. Rifampicin is also effective in eliminating Neisseria meningitidis from the nasopharynx in asymptomatic carriers. In some cases, it is used for managing serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococci and streptococci.
Side effects of Rifampicin
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Rash or itching
Orange-red discolouration of body fluids
How Rifampicin works
Rifampicin is an antibiotic medication.
It works by blocking the action of an enzyme called DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in bacteria. This enzyme is crucial for the synthesis of essential proteins that allow bacteria to grow and reproduce. By inhibiting this enzyme, Rifampicin stops the growth and multiplication of bacteria, which leads to their death, and thus, controls the infection.
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Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Rifampicin is available in oral form (capsule) and administered intravenously (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Rifampicin is generally prescribed for adults. In children, it is prescribed by the doctor as per the child's weight.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated for individuals who have a known allergy to Rifampicin. It should be avoided in patients with jaundice or a history of Rifampicin-induced jaundice.
Other Medications to Avoid
Rifampicin can interact with cytochrome P450 inducers (such as phenytoin, and phenobarbital), antacids and H2 blockers (like ranitidine and omeprazole), anticoagulants (like warfarin), antidiabetic agents (such as metformin, glipizide), and antiretroviral medicines (like ritonavir, efavirenz).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Rifampicin may lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, pruritus, headache, and orange-red discolouration of skin and body fluids. In such cases, consult a doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of Rifampicin, it should be taken as soon as you remember. However, avoid doubling the dose to catch up.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Nausea and vomiting can be managed by taking Rifampicin with food.
Drinking plenty of water may help alleviate abdominal pain.
Diarrhoea can be managed by staying hydrated and consuming a diet high in fibre.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Rifampicin may cause dizziness or drowsiness. Therefore, caution is advised while driving or operating heavy machinery after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
The use of Rifampicin during pregnancy should be done only if the benefits outweigh the risks, as it may increase the risk of maternal and neonatal bleeding.
Because of the potential for tumorigenicity shown for this medication in animal studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the medication.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients who have pre-existing liver or kidney disease should exercise caution when taking Rifampicin as the dosage may need to be adjusted.
Caution is also recommended for patients with porphyria as Rifampicin may precipitate acute attacks.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular monitoring of liver function tests is advisable to prevent hepatotoxicity.
Consuming a healthy diet rich in essential nutrients can support overall health while under treatment.
Adequate hydration is critical to prevent any dehydration from diarrhoea side effects.
Frequently asked questions
Can Rifampicin cause discolouration of body fluids?
Yes, Rifampicin causes the reddish-orange discolouration of urine, sweat, tears, and other body fluids. This is a harmless side effect and reverses upon discontinuation of the medicine.
Is Rifampicin a vegetarian medicine?
The information about whether Rifampicin is a vegetarian medicine or not is usually not specified by the manufacturers. However, you can ask your pharmacist for more information about this.
Does Rifampicin have any effect on mood?
Rifampicin is not directly associated with affecting mood. However, side effects such as nausea or abdominal discomfort might indirectly affect your mood.
What could be the duration of treatment with Rifampicin?
The duration of treatment with Rifampicin varies from person to person depending on the severity of the condition. It is important to adhere to the duration recommended by your doctor.
Will Rifampicin affect my menstrual cycle?
Rifampicin is not directly associated with affecting the menstrual cycle. If you experience any irregularities, you should consult your doctor.
Can I take Rifampicin without food?
Rifampicin can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and abdominal pain.
Can I buy Rifampicin over the counter?
No, Rifampicin is usually available only with a doctor's prescription and is not sold over the counter.
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