Ribavirin
Uses of Ribavirin
Ribavirin is typically used to manage chronic hepatitis C infections. It belongs to a class of medications known as antivirals.
In some cases, it may also be prescribed for managing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, but its use for this condition is less common and usually reserved for severe cases or high-risk patients.
Side effects of Ribavirin
Fatigue
Headache
Nausea
Dry Skin
How Ribavirin works
Ribavirin is an antiviral medicine.
It imitates a natural substance in the body called guanosine, which the virus needs to reproduce. Ribavirin, once inside the body, changes into three active forms or 'phosphates'. Being very similar to guanosine, these 'phosphates' trick the virus into using them instead. One active form, ribavirin triphosphate, halts the virus's RNA polymerase, a protein it needs to make its own genetic material (RNA). This stops the virus from multiplying. Another active form, ribavirin monophosphate, blocks a substance in our cells called inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). This causes a shortage of guanosine for the virus to use, further hindering its multiplication. Additionally, ribavirin triphosphate even gets mistakenly used by the virus in its RNA. This leads to so many errors that the new viruses produced are not able to survive and infect other cells. This phenomenon is known as 'lethal mutagenesis' or 'error catastrophe'.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Ribavirin can be taken orally (capsule, solution or tablet).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Ribavirin is meant for use in adults, and in children who are 5 years or older.
Contraindications
The use of Ribavirin is contraindicated in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, a condition where the body's immune system attacks the liver. It is also contraindicated in those with haemoglobinopathies such as thalassaemia and sickle-cell anaemia, conditions that affect the structure or production of haemoglobin in the blood. It should not be used by those with severe renal impairment where the creatinine clearance is less than 50 mL/min. Ribavirin is contraindicated in individuals with poorly controlled heart disease.
Other Medications to Avoid
Ribavirin may interact with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (such as zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (such as zidovudine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
In case of an overdose of Ribavirin, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Overdosing may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, nausea, and loss of appetite.
If a dose of Ribavirin is missed, it should be taken as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects of Ribavirin are temporary and generally harmless. These side effects often resolve once the medication is discontinued. However, if any severe side effects or worsening of symptoms occur, consult your doctor immediately.
If you experience nausea, try taking Ribavirin with food.
To manage flu-like symptoms such as fever and myalgia, rest and hydrate adequately.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Ribavirin may cause dizziness or confusion. Therefore, it is advised to avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Ribavirin is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to potential risks to the baby. Consult your doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with kidney disease or severe liver disease should exercise caution when taking Ribavirin as it may worsen these conditions.
Those with heart disorders should also use this medicine with caution.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
Regular check-ups with your doctor are necessary for monitoring the progress of the treatment.
Frequently asked questions
How often do I need to take Ribavirin?
The frequency at which you take Ribavirin depends on your doctor's recommendation. Typically, it is taken twice daily, but your doctor may adjust this depending on your health condition and response to treatment.
Can I share my Ribavirin medication with someone else who has hepatitis C?
No, you should not share your Ribavirin medication with anyone else. Your doctor will prescribe Ribavirin based on your specific health condition and needs. What works for you may not be suitable for someone else.
Is Ribavirin a steroid?
No, Ribavirin is not a steroid. It is an antiviral medication that is used in combination with other medicines for the management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Does Ribavirin affect sleep?
Yes, Ribavirin can cause insomnia as a side effect in some patients. If you have trouble sleeping while taking this medication, consult your doctor for advice.
Will Ribavirin affect fertility?
Ribavirin may cause harm to an unborn baby if used during pregnancy. It is not known if Ribavirin affects fertility. If you are planning to have a child, consult your doctor before starting treatment with this medication.
Is it safe to take Ribavirin daily?
Yes, it is safe to take Ribavirin daily as long as it has been prescribed by your doctor. However, the length of treatment and the dosage should be followed strictly as advised.
Is Ribavirin available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Ribavirin is usually prescribed by a doctor and cannot be bought over the counter. Always consult your doctor before starting any new medication.
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