Oxytocin
Uses of Oxytocin
Oxytocin is primarily used for the induction and augmentation of labour, control of postpartum bleeding, promoting milk ejection during breastfeeding and managing incomplete or inevitable abortion. It belongs to the class of hormones and medications used in obstetrics.
In less common scenarios, Oxytocin may also be used to stimulate uterine contractions during second-trimester abortion and treat postpartum urinary retention.
Side effects of Oxytocin
Uterine tachysystole or hypertonicity
Fetal heart rate changes
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Flushing
How Oxytocin works
Oxytocin is naturally occurring hormone used in obstetrics.
It works by acting on the smooth muscle of the uterus, thereby stimulating rhythmic contractions. This occurs through increasing intracellular calcium by binding to specific G-protein coupled receptors. This binding leads to generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 triggers release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, while DAG activates protein kinase C, opening voltage-gated calcium channels. The rise in intracellular calcium causes muscle contraction. Additionally, Oxytocin also boosts prostaglandin production, further enhancing uterine contractility.
Certified content
Written By
MD Ayurveda
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Oxytocin can be administered either via intravenous (IV) (infusion) or intramuscular (IM) (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Oxytocin is meant for use in adults and children above 12 years of age.
Contraindications
Oxytocin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the medicine. Patients with significant cephalopelvic disproportion, unfavourable fetal position or prolapsed umbilical cord should also avoid using Oxytocin. Active genital herpes infection, previous classical or inverted T uterine incision, significant uterine scarring and pelvic structural abnormalities are other conditions that contraindicate use of Oxytocin.
Other Medications to Avoid
This medicine can interact with prostaglandins (such as alprostadil and misoprostol), caudal anaesthetics (like lidocaine), inhalation anaesthetics (like isoflurane and sevoflurane) and vasoconstrictors (such as ephedrine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Oxytocin can cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting and severe uterine contractions. If you suspect an overdose, inform your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of Oxytocin, consult your doctor for specific instructions. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of water can help manage nausea and flushing caused by Oxytocin.
Resting in quiet, dark room can help manage headache.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Oxytocin does not typically interfere with the ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. However, if you experience side effects like dizziness or fatigue, refrain from these activities until the symptoms subside.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Oxytocin is widely used in obstetric practice, including during pregnancy and lactation. However, it should be administered under the supervision of doctor.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with cardiovascular disorders should exercise caution when using Oxytocin.
Medicine should be used judiciously in patients with history of uterine surgery, as it may increase the risk of uterine rupture.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Ensure you stay well hydrated before and after taking this medicine to minimize side effects.
Avoid stress inducing activities and ensure you get enough rest, as stress can sometimes exacerbate medical conditions.
Frequently asked questions
Can Oxytocin cause allergic reactions?
Yes, Oxytocin can cause allergic reactions in some patients. If you notice symptoms such as skin rashes, itching, difficulty in breathing or swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat, you should stop using this medicine and seek medical help immediately.
Does Oxytocin have any effect on mood or behaviour?
Oxytocin is also known as the "love hormone" because it is involved in social bonding, sexual reproduction, childbirth and the period after childbirth. However, effects of synthetic Oxytocin used as medication on mood or behaviour are not typically noticeable.
Is Oxytocin addictive?
Oxytocin does not have any addictive properties. It is naturally produced in the body and is used as medication for specific medical conditions.
What is the half-life of Oxytocin in the body?
The half-life of Oxytocin in the body is approximately 1 to 6 minutes. This means that half of medicine would be eliminated from your body within this time.
Is there vegetarian or vegan version of Oxytocin available?
Most injectable medications like Oxytocin are considered vegan-friendly as they do not contain animal-derived ingredients. However, you should always check with your pharmacist to confirm.
Can I take natural alternatives instead of Oxytocin?
There are no natural alternatives that can replace the medical use of Oxytocin. It is important to use this medication only as advised by your doctor.
Does Oxytocin require a prescription or available over the counter?
Oxytocin is typically administered by healthcare professionals and requires a prescription. It is not available over the counter.
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