Metoclopramide
Uses of Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide's primary use is for the treatment of nausea and vomiting from various causes such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, migraines, etc. It belongs to the class of antiemetic agents and dopamine D2 antagonists.
Secondary uses of this medication include managing symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), treating and preventing heartburn/acid reflux caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and facilitating placement of feeding tubes into the small intestine.
Side effects of Metoclopramide
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Headaches
Diarrhoea
Anxiety
How Metoclopramide works
Metoclopramide is an antiemetic agent and dopamine D2 antagonist.
It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain, which helps reduce feelings of nausea and vomiting. Additionally, it enhances the release of acetylcholine in the digestive system, increasing the movement and speed at which the stomach empties into the intestines. Metoclopramide also increases the tone of the lower oesophagal sphincter, helping to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the oesophagus and causing heartburn.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Metoclopramide can be taken orally (tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), syrup or solution) and intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) infusion.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- This medicine is typically prescribed to adults.
Contraindications
- Metoclopramide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Metoclopramide.
- It is also contraindicated in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, or perforation, epilepsy or Parkinson's disease, and pheochromocytoma (a rare adrenal gland tumour).
Other Medications to Avoid
- This medication may interact with anti-psychotics (eg., chlorpromazine), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (eg., phenelzine or tranylcypromine), and opioid analgesics (eg., morphine and codeine)
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Metoclopramide can lead to agitation, restlessness and possibly extrapyramidal symptoms. If you suspect an overdose, consult your doctor immediately.
- If you miss a dose and it's not yet time for your next dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- Drinking plenty of water can help manage side effects like dry mouth or constipation.
- Taking the medication with food can help manage gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea or vomiting.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- Metoclopramide can interact with your ability to drive or operate heavy machines. Do not drive or operate machines if you feel drowsiness or dizziness after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- Metoclopramide crosses the placenta and is found in breast milk. Therefore, it should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Always consult your doctor before using this medicine during these times.
Caution in Other Conditions
- Patients with liver or kidney disease should exercise caution while taking Metoclopramide.
- Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus need to be careful, as Metoclopramide can affect blood sugar levels.
- Special care should be taken if you have a history of depression, as this medicine can worsen your symptoms.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Avoid lying down immediately after meals to prevent acid reflux.
- Limit caffeine intake as it can increase stomach acidity and worsen conditions like GERD.
Frequently asked questions
Does Metoclopramide contain a steroid?
No, Metoclopramide does not contain a steroid. It is an antiemetic agent and dopamine D2 antagonist.
Can Metoclopramide affect my sleep pattern?
Yes, Metoclopramide may affect your sleep pattern as it can cause insomnia, a common side effect of the medication.
Will taking Metoclopramide have an impact on my fertility?
Metoclopramide can potentially influence fertility as it can cause hyperprolactinemia, which can lead to menstrual irregularities in women and decreased sperm production in men. Consult your doctor before taking this medicine.
Can Metoclopramide cause mood changes?
Metoclopramide can sometimes result in psychological side effects such as restlessness, agitation, and anxiety. In rare cases, it can also lead to depression and suicidal thoughts. Consult your doctor before taking this medicine.
Is it safe to take Metoclopramide daily?
Yes, it is safe to take Metoclopramide daily if prescribed by your doctor. Exceeding the recommended dose or using it for a prolonged period can lead to adverse effects.
How long does it take for Metoclopramide to start working?
Metoclopramide generally begins working within 1-3 hours of oral administration.
Can I purchase Metoclopramide over the counter?
No, Metoclopramide usually requires a prescription from a doctor and is not typically available over the counter.
Metoclopramide in other salts
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