Methyldopa
Uses of Methyldopa
Methyldopa is primarily used for managing high blood pressure (hypertension). It belongs to the class of medicines known as centrally-acting alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.
In some cases, Methyldopa is used off-label for the management of conditions like agitation associated with dementia or for the prevention of migraines, though these uses are less common and not extensively studied.
Side effects of Methyldopa
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Fatigue
Nasal congestion
How Methyldopa works
Methyldopa is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It works by being converted in the brain to alpha-methylnorepinephrine, which stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. This stimulation leads to a reduction in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, causing blood vessels to dilate and blood pressure to decrease.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Methyldopa is available for use via the oral route in the form of tablets.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Methyldopa is meant for adults and children above the age of 12 years.
Contraindications
Methyldopa is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease, such as acute hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Other Medications to Avoid
Methyldopa may interact with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine), antidepressants (like amitriptyline) and antipsychotics (such as quetiapine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Methyldopa may cause severe drowsiness, weakness, fainting, and slow or shallow breathing. If an overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.
If a dose of Methyldopa is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For dizziness or drowsiness, try lying down until you feel better.
For dry mouth, stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water or chewing sugarless gum.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Methyldopa may affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. It is advisable to avoid such activities if you feel drowsy or dizzy after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Methyldopa is generally safe for use during pregnancy, but it's always advised to consult a doctor before starting the medicine. However, breastfeeding mothers should consult their doctor as Methyldopa can pass into breast milk.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with liver or kidney impairment should exercise caution when taking Methyldopa as the medicine is primarily metabolised by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
Patients with a history of depression or Parkinson's disease should be closely monitored when on this medication.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial to ensure that the medication is effectively managing hypertension.
A diet low in salt and saturated fats can help manage blood pressure levels.
Regular physical activity such as walking or cycling can help maintain a healthy blood pressure.
Frequently asked questions
Can Methyldopa cause mood changes?
Methyldopa can affect mood in some people, possibly leading to symptoms of depression. If you notice changes in your mood or behaviour, consult your doctor.
Does Methyldopa have any effect on hormones?
Methyldopa can affect hormones, particularly by increasing prolactin levels. Elevated prolactin can lead to side effects like breast enlargement, milk production, and menstrual irregularities in some individuals. If you have concerns about hormonal effects, consult your doctor.
Can Methyldopa cause weight changes?
While weight changes are not a typical side effect of Methyldopa, some individuals might experience minor weight fluctuations due to factors like fluid retention. If you notice significant weight changes while taking Methyldopa, consult your doctor.
Is Methyldopa safe for long-term use?
Methyldopa is generally considered safe for long-term use under the supervision of a doctor. However, regular medical monitoring may be required to check for potential side effects.
Can I take natural supplements while on Methyldopa?
Some natural supplements may interact with Methyldopa and affect its effectiveness or lead to side effects. Always inform your doctor about any supplements you are taking before starting on Methyldopa.
Is there any risk of dependency or withdrawal with Methyldopa?
Methyldopa does not cause physical dependency but it should not be stopped abruptly as it may cause a sudden increase in blood pressure. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your medication regimen.
Can I take Methyldopa if I am allergic to other antihypertensive medicines?
If you have had an allergic reaction to any other antihypertensive medicine, it is important to discuss this with your doctor before starting Methyldopa. Your doctor will consider your medical history and can make the best recommendation for you.
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