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Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin

Uses of Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin

  • Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin is primarily used for the management of active tuberculosis infections and is part of the group of anti-tuberculosis medicines.

  • It is also used in the prevention of tuberculosis in individuals who have been exposed to the bacteria.

Side effects of Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Loss of appetite

  • Unusual tiredness or weakness

  • Dark urine

  • Yellowing of skin or eyes

How Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin works

  • The combination of Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin belongs to the class of antitubercular agents.

  • Ethambutol, the first component in this combination, works by inhibiting the production of vital metabolites within the tuberculosis bacteria, thereby hindering their growth and multiplication.

  • Isoniazid prevents the bacteria from forming a protective outer layer. It also disrupts the synthesis of key proteins within them, making them vulnerable.

  • Rifampicin obstructs the activity of enzymes involved in RNA synthesis within the bacteria. This prevention stops bacteria from replicating and spreading throughout the body. Collectively, these actions exerted by each component contribute to eliminating tuberculosis bacteria from the body.

Certified content

Written By

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Dr. Michelle FrankMedical Content Writer| 8 years

Doctor of Medicine

Reviewed By

Dr. Chhavi Rosha
Dr. Chhavi Rosha Health & Medical Content Writer| 8 years

BMS, FMC, MD Resident

Expert Advice

Dosage Forms Available

  • Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin is available via oral route in the form of tablets and capsules.

Age and Dose Restrictions

  • This medicine is meant for adults and children. Children of 5-12 years of age with caution and under medical supervision.

Contraindications

  • This medicine is contraindicated in patients with known allergies to ethambutol, isoniazid, or rifampicin.

  • It's also contraindicated in patients with severe liver damage, acute gout attacks, optic neuritis, peripheral neuritis and porphyria.

Other Medications to Avoid

  • This combination may interact with antacids containing aluminium (such as Maalox and Mylanta), anti-seizure medications (like phenytoin), antibiotics (like fluoroquinolones), anticoagulants (like warfarin), diabetes medicines (like metformin and insulin), HIV medications (like nevirapine), and hepatitis C antivirals (such as daclatasvir).

Overdose and Missed Dose

  • An overdose of this medication may cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, itching, rash, and even serious conditions like liver damage. If you observe these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.

  • If you forget to take this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. But if it's almost time for the next dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.

  • To manage digestive side effects like nausea and vomiting, try taking the medication with a light snack.

  • For side effects like unusual tiredness or weakness, ensure you get enough rest and sleep.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

  • This medication may affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery as it can cause dizziness or sleepiness. It's advised not to drive if you feel these effects.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

  • Consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Caution in Other Conditions

  • Patients with liver disease, kidney disease, eye disorders, diabetes, gout, alcohol dependence, HIV infection, and porphyria should exercise caution when taking this medicine.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to boost your immune system and fight off infections.

  • Regular physical activity can help strengthen your immune system and promote overall health.

Frequently asked questions

Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin is usually safe for long-term use when taken under medical supervision and as directed by a doctor.

Yes, Ethambutol + Isoniazid + Rifampicin can cause mood changes, particularly due to Isoniazid, which is known for neuropsychiatric side effects.

Ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin stay in the body for a few hours to a day after the last dose. However, these times can vary depending on various factors like your metabolism, age and overall health.

Yes. Some people may experience loss of appetite and weight loss as side effects while taking this medication. If you notice significant or rapid weight loss, contact your doctor.

Yes. Regular check-ups with the doctor are necessary to monitor treatment progress and check for any side effects. You may also need periodic vision tests to check for eye problems.

While certain natural remedies may help boost your immune system, they cannot replace conventional medical treatment for tuberculosis. Always consult your doctor before trying any alternative therapies.

Yes, the combination of Ethambutol, Isoniazid and Rifampicin can cause changes in menstruation, including irregular periods or missed cycles.

Terms & Conditions


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