Ethambutol
Uses of Ethambutol
The primary use of Ethambutol is for the management of tuberculosis. It belongs to the class of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.
It is also used to prevent medicine resistance development when taken in combination with other anti-TB medications such as isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide.
Side effects of Ethambutol
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dizziness and confusion
Vision problems
How Ethambutol works
Ethambutol is an antibiotic medicine.
It works by interfering with a substance called arabinogalactan that forms an essential part of the bacterial cell wall. This hindrance disrupts the production of the cell wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria causing tuberculosis (TB). Ethambutol is bacteriostatic, meaning it prevents TB bacteria from multiplying but does not kill them directly. However, when used in combination with other anti-TB medicines, it effectively manages the TB infection by stopping bacterial growth and replication.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Ethambutol can be taken orally (tablet).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults and children over the age of 13 years when prescribed by a doctor.
Contraindications
Ethambutol is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to Ethambutol. This medicine is contraindicated in patients with optic neuritis, a condition that causes inflammation of the optic nerve.
Other Medications to Avoid
Ethambutol can interact with antacids containing aluminium (such as aluminium hydroxide) and loop diuretics (such as furosemide and bumetanide).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Ethambutol may cause vision problems, confusion, hallucinations, disorientation, and kidney dysfunction. If you observe these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.
If you forget to take a dose of Ethambutol, take it as soon as you remember. But do not double up the dose to compensate for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of water can help manage minor gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or vomiting.
Rest and avoid physically demanding activities if you feel fatigued or dizzy after taking Ethambutol.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Ethambutol may affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery due to its potential side effects like dizziness or confusion. Avoid driving if you experience these symptoms after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
While Ethambutol is classified in pregnancy category C, it should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known if Ethambutol passes into breast milk. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should consult their doctor before using this medication.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with pre-existing liver disease or kidney impairment should exercise caution when taking Ethambutol. The dose may need to be adjusted based on renal function. Ethambutol should also be used with caution in patients with gout, diabetes, cataracts, or ocular problems.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular eye check-ups are recommended to monitor for potential vision problems that can occur as a side effect of Ethambutol.
Frequently asked questions
Is Ethambutol an antibiotic or a steroid?
Ethambutol is classified as an antibiotic medication and not a steroid. It is primarily used to manage tuberculosis by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for causing this condition.
Will taking Ethambutol affect my fertility?
Ethambutol is not directly associated with affecting fertility issues in men or women. However, it is important to consult your doctor if you are planning to conceive while on this medication.
Is it safe to take Ethambutol daily?
Ethambutol should be taken daily and exactly as prescribed by your doctor to effectively manage tuberculosis and prevent relapse or resistance. It is not recommended to alter the dose without your doctor's advice.
What is the best time of day to take Ethambutol?
Ethambutol should be taken as prescribed by your doctor, typically at the same time each day. Taking it at the same time each day helps maintain a consistent level of medicine in your body.
Does Ethambutol have any effect on sleep?
Ethambutol is not directly associated with affecting sleep. However, some side effects like fatigue and dizziness might indirectly impact sleep patterns.
How much time does Ethambutol take to work?
The time for Ethambutol to start working varies from person to person and depends on various factors, including the severity of the infection and individual patient response.
Is Ethambutol available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Ethambutol requires a prescription from a doctor and is not available over the counter.
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