Dopamine
Uses of Dopamine
Dopamine is primarily used for managing shock and very low blood pressure due to heart attack, trauma, infection, or surgery. This medicine belongs to the group of vasopressor medications.
It is also used to improve low cardiac output and poor perfusion of vital organs after open-heart surgery, improve kidney function and urine output in cases of renal failure or insufficiency, and increase blood pressure during critical illnesses.
Side effects of Dopamine
Headache
Anxiety
Restlessness
Nausea
Vomiting
Fast or irregular heartbeat
Chest pain or tightness
Shortness of breath
How Dopamine works
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter and hormone.
It works on the dopamine receptors (D1) found on blood vessels, causing them to narrow and increase blood pressure.
In higher doses, Dopamine stimulates beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to an increase in heart rate and contractility, thereby improving cardiac output. At lower doses, it expands renal and splanchnic blood vessels, enhancing blood flow to the kidneys and intestines.
Additionally, Dopamine also plays a crucial role in the brain where it acts as a neurotransmitter involved in motor control, reward pathways, and hormone release.
This combined action of Dopamine helps to manage conditions such as shock, low blood pressure and poor cardiac function.
Certified content
Written By
MSc (Applied Genetics)
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Dopamine is available for use via the intravenous route in the form of injections.
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults and children, but the age range varies according to the medical condition being managed. The doctor will decide the appropriate age and dosage.
Contraindications
Dopamine is contraindicated in patients with known allergies to any component of the injection.
It's also contraindicated in patients with conditions such as pheochromocytoma and uncorrected tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.
Other Medications to Avoid
Dopamine may interact with MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)(e.g., clorgiline, moclobemide), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, desipramine), medicines causing a change in heart rate (e.g., phenytoin), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol), beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol, propranolol), vasodilators (e.g., nitroglycerin, ACE inhibitors), and ergot alkaloids (e.g., ergotamine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdose of Dopamine can lead to adverse effects like severe hypertension, tachycardia, and even gangrene. If you suspect an overdose, consult your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately for instructions due to Dopamine's critical use in managing life-threatening conditions.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Moderate to ample fluid intake may help manage some side effects like nausea or vomiting.
Rest and relaxation techniques can also help manage side effects like restlessness or anxiety.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Dopamine does not directly affect your ability to drive or operate machinery, but given its use in critically ill patients, these activities are typically not applicable.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Dopamine should be used during pregnancy and lactation only if the benefits outweigh the risks. Always consult your doctor before using this medicine during these periods.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with renal or cardiac conditions should exercise caution when taking Dopamine. Regular monitoring of renal function, heart rate, and blood pressure is required.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining optimal kidney function.
Limiting salt intake can help manage blood pressure levels.
For patients with cardiac issues, managing stress through relaxation techniques can be beneficial.
Frequently asked questions
Is Dopamine a type of steroid?
No, Dopamine is not a steroid. It is a neurotransmitter and hormone naturally produced in the body. As a medicine, it is used primarily to manage conditions related to low blood pressure and poor cardiac function.
Does Dopamine have any impact on sleep patterns?
Yes, Dopamine does have an impact on sleep patterns. It plays a vital role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. However, an imbalance in Dopamine levels can lead to sleep problems.
Can taking Dopamine affect fertility?
Dopamine itself does not directly affect fertility, but it does play a crucial role in the hormonal balance of the body. It should be noted that Dopamine suppresses prolactin, which may reduce milk production in lactating women.
Are there any specific dietary restrictions when using Dopamine?
There are no specific dietary restrictions mentioned for patients taking Dopamine. However, as always, it is suggested that you maintain a healthy and balanced diet.
Is it safe to use Dopamine daily?
Dopamine is usually administered in a hospital setting under close medical supervision. The frequency and duration of its use depend on the patient's condition and response to treatment.
How long does it take for Dopamine to start working?
Dopamine starts affecting the body almost immediately after it is administered intravenously. However, the actual time may also depend on the individual's metabolism and the specific condition being managed.
Can I get Dopamine over the counter or do I need a prescription?
Dopamine is a potent medication that is typically used in critical care settings such as hospitals or clinics. Therefore, it cannot be purchased over-the-counter and requires a doctor's prescription.
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