Donepezil
Uses of Donepezil
Donepezil is primarily used for managing dementia related to Alzheimer's disease and belongs to the class of medications called cholinesterase inhibitors.
It is used in mild, moderate, and severe stages of Alzheimer's to improve cognitive functions and behaviour but does not slow or stop the progression of the disease.
Side effects of Donepezil
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Muscle cramps
Fatigue and dizziness
How Donepezil works
Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor. This medicine works by blocking the action of a chemical substance in the brain called acetylcholinesterase. This substance normally breaks down another compound called acetylcholine, which helps nerve cells in the brain communicate with each other. By preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, Donepezil increases its levels in the brain.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Donepezil can be taken orally (tablet, orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), and an oral solution)
Age and Dose Restrictions
Donepezil is typically prescribed to adults.
Contraindications
Donepezil should not be used by individuals who have had allergic reactions to it or its ingredients in the past. It is also contraindicated for those with certain medical histories, including stomach or intestinal ulcers, seizures, bladder obstruction, asthma or lung diseases, and heart rhythm problems.
Other Medications to Avoid
Donepezil may interact with antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole), antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, olanzapine), anticholinergic medicines (such as oxybutynin and tolterodine), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (like ibuprofen and naproxen).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Donepezil can potentially result in severe nausea, vomiting, drooling, sweating, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, breathing difficulties and seizures. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.
If a dose of Donepezil is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, the missed one should be skipped. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Taking Donepezil alongside food can help to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
For those experiencing nausea, eating small, frequent meals can be beneficial.
To avoid dehydration from vomiting or diarrhoea, it's important to drink plenty of fluids.
Standing up slowly can help reduce feelings of dizziness.
If insomnia is a problem, short naps during the day and avoiding caffeine late in the day may help.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Donepezil may cause dizziness and drowsiness, which can affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities if you experience these side effects after taking Donepezil.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is advised that women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breastfeeding should consult their doctor before using Donepezil.
Caution in Other Conditions
Careful consideration should be taken when prescribing Donepezil to patients with heart disease, lung diseases such as asthma or COPD, urinary retention, gastrointestinal bleeding or seizure disorders, as it may exacerbate these conditions.
It has been observed that Donepezil may cause fainting and falls, particularly in elderly patients.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Cognitive activities such as reading, puzzles, games and social interaction can also support cognitive health.
Frequently asked questions
Does Donepezil have any effect on sleep?
Donepezil may cause sleep disturbances such as insomnia, especially when you first start taking it. If this happens, consult with your doctor, who may adjust your dosage or suggest other ways to manage this side effect.
Can Donepezil be crushed?
Most Donepezil tablets can be crushed and sprinkled on soft food for individuals who have difficulty swallowing. However, the tablet should not be crushed as it is a controlled-release formulation.
Will Donepezil affect fertility?
There is no evidence to suggest that Donepezil affects fertility. However, if you plan to conceive while taking this medicine, it is best to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor.
What are some common misconceptions about Donepezil?
Some people mistakenly believe that Donepezil can cure Alzheimer's disease or stop its progression. This medication only helps manage symptoms like memory loss and confusion.
Are there any natural alternatives to Donepezil?
Currently, there are no natural alternatives that have been proven as effective as Donepezil for managing Alzheimer's symptoms. Always consult your doctor before starting any new treatment or supplement.
How does Donepezil work?
Donepezil works by increasing the levels of acetylcholine, a chemical in the brain that helps with memory and cognition.
How long does it take for Donepezil to start working?
It usually takes about 3-6 weeks to notice improvements in symptoms after starting Donepezil, but the full effects are usually seen within 3 months.
Donepezil in other salts
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