Disulfiram
Uses of Disulfiram
The primary use of Disulfiram is to aid in managing chronic alcoholism by discouraging the consumption of alcohol. It falls under the group of medicines known as alcohol deterrents.
Side effects of Disulfiram
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Headache
Skin rash
Metallic or garlic-like aftertaste
How Disulfiram works
Disulfiram is a part of the therapeutic category of alcohol deterrents.
It works by inhibiting the function of an enzyme in our body called aldehyde dehydrogenase, which plays a crucial role in alcohol metabolism. When alcohol is consumed while Disulfiram is in the body, it interferes with the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a harmful byproduct of alcohol. This results in an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood. The build-up of acetaldehyde causes highly unpleasant symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, chest pain, and difficulty in breathing. This aversive reaction provides a strong deterrent against drinking alcohol.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage forms available
- Disulfiram is available for oral use in the form of tablets.
Age and dose restrictions
- This medicine is meant for adults and children above 18 years of age.
Contraindications
- Disulfiram is contraindicated in patients with known allergies to disulfiram.
- It is also not recommended for use in patients with severe heart, kidney, liver or lung disease, psychosis, and in patients suffering from diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, cerebral damage, or impairment.
Other medications to avoid with this medicine
- Disulfiram may interact with antianxiety agents (such as lorazepam and alprazolam), antidepressants (like sertraline, fluoxetine), antipsychotics (like olanzapine, risperidone), medications for tuberculosis (such as isoniazid), blood thinners (like warfarin), medications for seizures (such as phenytoin), and drugs for parasitic infections (like metronidazole).
Overdose and missed dose
- An overdose of Disulfiram can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of coordination, and numbness. If you observe these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately and follow their advice accordingly.
- If you forget to take Disulfiram, take it as soon as you remember. Do not take a double dose to catch up.
Management of side effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- To manage drowsiness or fatigue, consider taking the medication at bedtime.
- Drinking plenty of water can help manage the metallic or garlic-like aftertaste often associated with Disulfiram.
Use in driving and operating machinery
- Disulfiram may cause drowsiness and impair alertness, affecting your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities until you know how this medication affects you.
Use in pregnancy and lactation
- It is not recommended to use Disulfiram during pregnancy or while breastfeeding unless specifically advised by your doctor.
Caution in other conditions
- Patients with liver disease, diabetes, epilepsy or any neurological conditions should exercise caution when taking Disulfiram.
Special dietary and lifestyle recommendation
- It's crucial to avoid all forms of alcohol while on Disulfiram therapy.
- Monitor your diet and be aware of hidden sources of alcohol, such as in certain foods, cough syrups or even mouthwash.
- Regular check-ups with your doctor are essential to monitor your progress and adjust the dosage if needed.
- Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to manage any potential side effects.
Frequently asked questions
Can Disulfiram be used for managing other health conditions?
Disulfiram is primarily used to manage chronic alcoholism by deterring the consumption of alcohol. However, some off-label uses have been studied, such as the management of cocaine dependency and certain types of cancer. Yet, it is essential to note that these uses are not FDA-approved and should only be considered upon the advice of a doctor.
How can Disulfiram help someone quit drinking?
Disulfiram helps manage chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. When a person taking Disulfiram consumes alcohol, they experience very unpleasant effects such as nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. These effects act as a strong deterrent against further drinking.
Will Disulfiram have any effect on my mood or behaviour?
Disulfiram itself does not directly affect mood or behaviour. However, the process of detoxification and withdrawal from alcohol can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and changes in behaviour. Always consult your doctor if you experience severe or persistent mood changes while on this medication.
Can I get a naturally occurring version of Disulfiram from foods or plants?
No, Disulfiram is a synthetic compound and does not occur naturally in any foods or plants. It is a unique medicine specifically designed to deter alcohol consumption by producing unpleasant side effects when combined with alcohol.
Is Disulfiram safe for long-term use?
Disulfiram can be safe for long-term use if taken under proper medical supervision and strictly according to the doctor's directions. Regular monitoring and lab tests may be necessary during long-term therapy with this medicine.
Does Disulfiram interact with caffeine?
Yes, Disulfiram can magnify the effects of caffeine. You should limit your caffeine intake while taking this medicine unless directed otherwise by your doctor.
What is the shelf life of Disulfiram after opening the bottle?
The shelf life of Disulfiram after opening the bottle would depend on specific product guidelines. Always check the expiry date on the bottle and consult your pharmacist if you are unsure.
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