Denosumab
Uses of Denosumab
The primary use of Denosumab is for managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high risk of fractures, and it falls under the category of RANK ligand inhibitors.
It is also used in managing bone loss in patients receiving certain cancer treatments such as men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer and women receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer. Denosumab is also prescribed for the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, giant cell tumours of the bone, and hypercalcaemia due to malignancy.
Side effects of Denosumab
Skin reactions at the injection site
Musculoskeletal pain
Low calcium levels
Low phosphate levels
Bacterial skin infection
How Denosumab works
Denosumab is a RANK ligand inhibitor.
It functions by binding to a protein called RANKL, which plays a significant role in the process of bone breakdown, or 'resorption'. By inhibiting RANKL, Denosumab minimises the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts - these are cells chiefly responsible for breaking down bone tissue. As a result of this action, bone loss is decreased, and bone mass and strength are increased. This is how Denosumab helps manage various bone-related conditions.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Denosumab is made available for administration under the skin subcutaneously (injectable solution).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is primarily intended for adults.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients known to have hypocalcaemia (low calcium levels). It should not be used by patients with a history of osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Other Medications to Avoid
No relevant clinically significant interactions of Denosumab with other medications have been reported so far.
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Denosumab might increase the risk of severe side effects like hypocalcaemia (low calcium levels). If you suspect an overdose, contact your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of Denosumab, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For injection site reactions, apply a cold pack to the area to reduce discomfort.
To manage musculoskeletal pain, try gentle stretching exercises or a warm bath.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Denosumab is not known to affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is advised to consult your doctor before using Denosumab during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with severe kidney impairment or receiving dialysis should exercise caution when using Denosumab. Also, patients with hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, or a history of thyroid or parathyroid surgery should be closely monitored during treatment.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can help strengthen your bones and reduce the risk of fractures.
Regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises can also help improve bone health.
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption, as both can have detrimental effects on bone health.
Follow good oral hygiene practices to prevent dental problems.
Frequently asked questions
Does Denosumab have any impact on sleeping patterns?
Denosumab does not have any reported effects on sleep.
Can Denosumab affect fertility in any way?
Denosumab is not known to impact fertility. However, it is always advisable to discuss this with your doctor.
Is it safe to administer Denosumab daily?
Denosumab is generally administered as a subcutaneous injection every six months or every four weeks, depending on the condition being managed. It should not be administered daily unless specifically directed by your doctor.
How long does it take for Denosumab to work?
The time taken for Denosumab to start working may vary depending on the individual’s body and the condition being managed. Your doctor will be able to provide more specific information.
What is the best time to administer Denosumab?
Denosumab can be administered at any time as per your doctor's instructions. The timing does not need to coincide with meals.
What is the duration of treatment with Denosumab?
The duration of treatment with Denosumab will vary depending on the individual and the condition being managed. It is important to continue taking the medication for as long as your doctor recommends.
Is Denosumab available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Denosumab is a prescription medicine and is not available over the counter.
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