Cytarabine
Uses of Cytarabine
Cytarabine is primarily used to manage certain types of cancer, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Meningeal leukaemia. It belongs to the class of chemotherapy medications known as antimetabolites.
Side effects of Cytarabine
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Loss of Appetite
Mouth Sores
Hair Loss
How Cytarabine works
Cytarabine is an antimetabolite chemotherapy medication.
It works like a building block of DNA, the molecule that carries our genetic information. When a cell tries to divide and make more DNA, it accidentally picks up Cytarabine thinking it is DNA. But unlike real DNA, Cytarabine stops the DNA from being made, preventing cell division and growth. This action primarily affects rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells, disrupting their growth and proliferation, thus helping to manage the spread of cancer. Furthermore, Cytarabine hinders the activity of certain enzymes needed for DNA synthesis. By damaging the DNA of cancer cells and halting cell division, it aids in slowing or stopping the growth of cancer.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage forms available
Cytarabine is administered by injection.
It is available as a solution for injection in vials of varying strengths.
It can also be found as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution before injection.
Age and dose restrictions
Cytarabine is typically used in adults and in children, but the age range can vary based on the type of cancer being managed.
The exact dosage and schedule depend on the type of cancer, the patient's body size, and combinations with other chemotherapy medicines.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to Cytarabine.
It should not be used in patients with active meningitis.
Other medications to avoid with this medicine
Cytarabine may interact with heart medicines (such as Digoxin), antifungal medicines (like Flucytosine), and antibiotics (such as Gentamicin).
Overdose and missed dose
In case of overdose, severe bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and neurological problems may occur. Medical care in a hospital setting is necessary. There is no specific antidote for a Cytarabine overdose.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, you should inform your doctor immediately.
Management of side effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of fluids can help manage nausea and vomiting.
Maintaining good oral hygiene can help manage mouth sores.
Resting or pacing your activities can alleviate fatigue.
Use in driving and operating machinery
Cytarabine can cause dizziness or drowsiness, therefore it may affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery.
Use in pregnancy and lactation
Cytarabine can cause harm to a developing foetus and should not be used during pregnancy.
Cytarabine can pass into breast milk and harm a nursing baby. Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment.
Caution in other conditions
Cytarabine should be used cautiously in patients with pre-existing bone marrow suppression.
It should also be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease.
Special dietary and lifestyle recommendation
It is advisable to maintain a balanced diet to maintain overall health while receiving this medicine.
Regular rest periods are recommended to allow the body to recover.
Practise good hygiene to lower the risk of infections.
Avoid close contact with people who have infections or colds.
Frequently asked questions
Is Cytarabine a painkiller medication?
No, Cytarabine is not a painkiller. It is a chemotherapy medicine used primarily to manage several types of cancer, particularly leukaemia and lymphoma.
Does taking Cytarabine cause drowsiness or sleepiness?
Yes, it is possible for Cytarabine to cause drowsiness or sleepiness in some patients. Therefore, patients should avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Can Cytarabine potentially affect fertility?
Yes, Cytarabine can have an impact on fertility in both men and women. It is recommended that patients concerned about fertility consult with their doctor to discuss options such as sperm banking or egg freezing prior to starting treatment.
Do I need to follow any specific dietary restrictions while on Cytarabine?
No specific dietary restrictions are mentioned while taking Cytarabine. However, it is always advisable to maintain a healthy diet and stay well hydrated during any cancer treatment.
Is Cytarabine safe for long-term use?
The duration of use for Cytarabine should be determined by the doctor based on the type of cancer being managed and the patient's response to the medication.
How long does it take for Cytarabine to start working?
The time taken for Cytarabine to start working can vary depending on the type of cancer being managed and individual patient factors. The doctor will monitor the patient's progress to assess the effectiveness of the medication.
Is Cytarabine available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Cytarabine is a strong chemotherapy medication and hence, it is not available over the counter. A valid prescription from a doctor is required to obtain this medicine.
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