Buprenorphine
Uses of Buprenorphine
The primary use of Buprenorphine is for the management of opioid dependence and addiction. It falls into the category of semi-synthetic opioid medications.
It is also used for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain in individuals who have developed tolerance to other opioids and require long-term opioid treatment.
Side effects of Buprenorphine
Headache
Nausea
Dizziness
Fatigue
Anxiety
How Buprenorphine works
Buprenorphine is classified as a semi-synthetic opioid medication (pain-relieving medication).
It performs its action by partially activating the mu-opioid receptors located in the brain and nervous system. This means it stimulates these receptors to a lesser extent than full opioids, helping to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and cravings. It also functions as an antagonist at the kappa-opioid receptors, meaning it blocks the action of opioids at these receptors. This helps to prevent misuse of opioid medicines. Due to its high affinity for opioid receptors, it has a slow onset and long duration of action. This makes it effective in managing moderate to severe chronic pain over extended periods. Its safety profile is enhanced by its 'ceiling effect' on respiratory depression which reduces the risk of serious breathing problems, a common issue with full opioid agonists.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Buprenorphine is available in administration via oral (sublingual tablets and film, buccal film), topical (transdermal patches), intravenous (injection) and intramuscular (injection) routes.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- This medicine is intended for use by adults and is not recommended for children under 16 years of age.
Contraindications
- Buprenorphine is contraindicated in patients with severe respiratory depression or obstructive airway disease. Its use should also be avoided in individuals with paralytic ileus (condition that occurs when the muscles of the intestines are paralyzed), acute alcoholism, or delirium tremens (disorder due to excessive alcohol use).
Other Medications to Avoid
- This medicine can interact with sedatives (e.g., diazepam, alprazolam), CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin), CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine) and serotonergic and dopaminergic medicines (e.g., fluoxetine, haloperidol).
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Buprenorphine can lead to symptoms such as pinpoint pupils, drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, impaired memory, slowed breathing, and loss of consciousness. If an overdose is suspected seek immediate medical help.
- If a dose of this medicine is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- To manage side effects like constipation, try to include more fibre in your diet and drink plenty of water.
- If experiencing drowsiness or dizziness, avoid activities that require mental alertness until these effects subside.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- As Buprenorphine may cause drowsiness and dizziness, it might affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. It is advisable to refrain from such activities if you experience these effects.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- It is advisable to consult a doctor before using Buprenorphine during pregnancy and lactation as it might have potential risks.
Caution in Other Conditions
- Patients with head injuries, intracranial lesions (deterioration of brain cells), elevated intracranial pressure or those with obstructive pulmonary disease should use Buprenorphine with caution. The medicine should also be used cautiously in elderly, debilitated (physically weak), or malnourished individuals.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- It is recommended to stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Regular counselling sessions can be beneficial in dealing with opioid dependence.
Frequently asked questions
Is Buprenorphine a steroid?
No, Buprenorphine is not a steroid. It is a semi-synthetic opioid medication that is used to manage opioid addiction and chronic pain.
Does Buprenorphine have any effect on sleep?
Yes, one of the common side effects of Buprenorphine can be insomnia or difficulty in sleeping. However, this varies from person to person and not everyone experiences this side effect.
Will Buprenorphine affect fertility?
There is no clear scientific evidence linking Buprenorphine to fertility problems. However, if you have concerns about fertility, it is important to discuss this with your doctor before starting the medication.
Is it safe to take Buprenorphine daily?
Yes, it is safe to take Buprenorphine daily if prescribed by your doctor as part of a treatment plan for opioid dependence or chronic pain management. However, it should not be abruptly stopped or taken in more than the prescribed dosage without consulting the doctor.
How much time does Buprenorphine take to work?
The onset time for Buprenorphine can vary based on individual factors and the formulation used, but it generally starts working within 30 minutes to 2 hours of administration.
What is the best time to take Buprenorphine?
The best time to take Buprenorphine depends on the specific instructions given by your doctor, as this may be influenced by factors such as your health conditions and other medications you might be taking.
Is Buprenorphine available over the counter or do I need a prescription?
Buprenorphine is a medication that usually requires a prescription from a doctor and is not available over the counter.
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