Allopurinol
Uses of Allopurinol
Allopurinol is used in the management of gout, a form of arthritis caused by an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream and joints. It belongs to the class of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Other indications for Allopurinol include the prevention of gout attacks, management of high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia), prevention of tumour lysis syndrome in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, dissolving certain types of kidney and bladder stones.
Side effects of Allopurinol
Skin rash
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Drowsiness
How Allopurinol works
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
It functions by blocking the action of an enzyme in the body called xanthine oxidase. This particular enzyme is involved in the production of uric acid from substances called purines. By inhibiting xanthine oxidase, Allopurinol slows down the rate at which uric acid is produced, leading to a decrease in its levels in the blood and urine. This reduction in uric acid levels helps prevent gout (type of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid) and the formation of certain types of kidney stones. It also aids in managing conditions associated with high uric acid levels, like Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Allopurinol is available for use via oral route in the form of tablets and intravenous powder for injection.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- Allopurinol is a medicine meant for adults and children above the age of 10 years.
Contraindications
- This medicine is not recommended for patients having a known allergy to Allopurinol. It is also contraindicated in patients of Han Chinese, Thai or Korean origin.
Other Medications to Avoid
- Allopurinol can interact with medicines such as antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin or amoxicillin), blood thinners (e.g., warfarin, coumadin), and some diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone).
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Allopurinol might lead to nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness, and even skin rashes. In such cases, immediate medical attention should be sought.
- If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if the time for the next dose is near, the missed dose must be skipped to prevent double dosing.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor. Here are some tips to manage common side effects:
- Take this medicine with food and drink plenty of water to manage diarrhoea.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- Allopurinol may sometimes cause dizziness or sleepiness. It is, therefore, advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- The use of Allopurinol during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be discussed with your doctor as it may pose risks to the infant. It is important to consult a doctor before using this medicine while pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
- It is contraindicated in patients with existing liver or kidney conditions. It is also contraindicated in patients with a gene variation called HLA-B*58:01 allele and receiving chemotherapy.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Maintain a low-purine diet by avoiding foods high in purines like seafood, organ meats, and alcoholic beverages to manage gout.
Frequently asked questions
Does Allopurinol have any impact on my mood or emotions?
There is no concrete evidence to suggest that Allopurinol impacts mood or emotions. However, if you notice any such changes while taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
Are there any vegetarian or vegan considerations for Allopurinol?
Allopurinol is a synthetic medication and does not contain any animal-derived ingredients. However, it is always wise to read the manufacturer's information to ensure it aligns with your dietary preferences.
Can I become addicted to Allopurinol?
No, Allopurinol is not a habit-forming medicine and does not cause dependency or addiction.
How long should I continue taking Allopurinol?
The duration of treatment with Allopurinol depends on your health condition and response to the medication. Your doctor will advise you on this.
Will Allopurinol affect fertility?
There is no evidence to suggest that Allopurinol affects fertility. If you have concerns, consult your doctor for further information.
Is it safe to take Allopurinol daily?
Yes, it is safe to take Allopurinol daily as directed by your doctor.
What is the best time to take Allopurinol?
Allopurinol is best taken after meals, as per your doctor's instructions.
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