Acetazolamide
Uses of Acetazolamide
- The primary use of Acetazolamide is to manage glaucoma and altitude sickness. It belongs to the class of medications known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
- It can also be used to control certain types of seizures, reduce abnormal fluid retention and swelling in conditions like congestive heart failure, manage conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and central sleep apnea, and prevent kidney damage from contrast dyes or high-dose methotrexate.
Side effects of Acetazolamide
Numbness and tingling in fingers, toes or face
Fatigue and drowsiness
Increased urination
Taste changes
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite
How Acetazolamide works
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reducing aqueous humour production in the eyes to lower eye pressure and manage glaucoma, increasing the urinary excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and water for a diuretic effect, and decreasing abnormal neuronal discharges in the brain to help control seizures.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BAMS, APG, PG
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Acetazolamide can be taken orally (tablets).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is intended for adults only.
Contraindications
Acetazolamide is contraindicated in people with kidney or liver dysfunction. Patients with low blood levels of sodium and/or potassium should not use this medicine. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe hepatic insufficiency should avoid this medication.
Other Medications to Avoid
Acetazolamide may interact with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., methazolamide, brinzolamide), and antiepileptic medicines (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine), cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin) and diuretics (e.g., furosemide).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Acetazolamide may cause electrolyte imbalances, severe metabolic acidosis, and central nervous system effects like confusion, drowsiness, seizures or coma. If you observe these symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of Acetazolamide, take it as soon as you remember. However, do not double up the doses at the same time to make up for the missed dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Fatigue and drowsiness can be managed by taking rest between activities.
Nausea and vomiting can be managed by taking the medicine after meals.
Increased urination can be managed by adjusting the timing of the medication so that it does not interfere with your sleep.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Acetazolamide may make you drowsy or dizzy. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the medicine affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Acetazolamide is not recommended for use in pregnant and lactating women unless prescribed by the doctor. Consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy or lactation.
Caution in Other Conditions
Acetazolamide should be used cautiously in patients with kidney, liver or lung disease. Patients with a history of kidney stones should also exercise caution when taking this medicine.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Stay hydrated to counteract the diuretic effect (increased urination) of Acetazolamide.
If you're using Acetazolamide for altitude sickness, start the medication 1-2 days before ascent and ascend slowly.
Always wear sunscreen and protective clothing, as Acetazolamide can increase skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
Frequently asked questions
Can Acetazolamide affect my mood?
Acetazolamide is not generally known to affect mood. However, if you notice any changes in your mood or behaviour while taking Acetazolamide, you should immediately consult your doctor.
Can Acetazolamide cause weight gain or loss?
Acetazolamide is not known to directly cause weight gain or loss. However, if you experience significant weight changes while taking this medicine, you should consult your doctor.
Can this medicine affect my menstrual cycle?
Acetazolamide is not known to significantly affect the menstrual cycle. However, if you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle while taking this medicine, it would be wise to consult your doctor.
Is there a natural alternative to Acetazolamide?
There are no known natural alternatives with the same effects as Acetazolamide. You should always consult your doctor before stopping or starting any medication.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Acetazolamide?
It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol when taking any medication as it can interfere with the medicine's effectiveness and may increase the risk of side effects.
How soon can I expect Acetazolamide to start working?
The time taken for Acetazolamide to start working may vary depending on the condition being managed and individual response to the medication.
What is the best time to take Acetazolamide?
The best time to take Acetazolamide depends on the dosing schedule prescribed by your doctor and your specific medical condition.
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