Diseases & Conditions

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine (colon). It is characterised by periods of symptom flare-ups followed by periods of remission. The exact cause of UC is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, immune, environmental, and microbial factors.

Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the uterus, a part of the female reproductive system. The most common type is endometrial cancer, which starts in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), while uterine sarcoma is a rare type that forms in the muscles or support tissue of the uterus. Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual vaginal discharge.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition that occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, causing an infection in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. UTIs are more prevalent in women due to their anatomy and can cause symptoms such as frequent, painful urination, and abdominal discomfort. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent complications.

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterised by itchy, raised welts or bumps that can appear anywhere on the body. It occurs when the immune system reacts to an allergen or irritant, triggering the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from mast cells in the skin. Urticaria can be classified as acute, chronic, or physical, depending on the duration of symptoms, specific triggers, or underlying causes.

Urinary retention is a condition where an individual is unable to empty their bladder completely, leading to discomfort and potential complications. It can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term) and may result from various causes, such as blockages, medications, nerve issues, or infections. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include catheterisation, medications, or surgery.

Urinary incontinence is a common condition characterised by the involuntary leakage of urine from the bladder. It affects both men and women, although it is more prevalent in women and the elderly. Various factors, such as weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions, can contribute to urinary incontinence.