Diseases & Conditions

Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder causing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear fullness. It typically affects one ear initially but can progress to involve both ears over time. The exact cause is uncertain, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the fluid dynamics within the inner ear. Meniere's disease can progress through several stages, each with distinct symptoms.

Mydriasis is a condition characterised by dilation or widening of the pupils beyond their normal size. This condition can occur naturally in response to dim light, but it can also be caused by various factors such as brain or eye injury, certain medications, recreational drugs, and hormonal changes. Persistent mydriasis may indicate a more serious underlying issue that requires proper diagnosis and treatment.

Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. The disease is characterised by the abnormal multiplication of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to various complications such as bone damage, anaemia, and kidney problems. Treatment options for multiple myeloma depend on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health.

Myeloid leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the myeloid line of blood cells, characterised by the rapid growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. It interferes with the production of normal blood cells, leading to various symptoms and complications. The two main types of myeloid leukaemia are acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), with AML being the more aggressive form.

Mycosis is a term used to describe fungal infections that affect various parts of the body, ranging from superficial skin infections to severe systemic diseases. These infections are caused by different types of fungi and can be classified based on the location and severity of the infection. Treatment for mycosis varies depending on the type and extent of the infection, and prevention measures include maintaining good hygiene and avoiding exposure to fungal spores.

Malaria is a severe, potentially life-threatening disease caused by a parasite transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a significant public health issue in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with symptoms ranging from fever and chills to more severe complications such as organ failure and cerebral malaria. Prompt medical attention is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

Meningitis is a serious infection that affects the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and requires prompt medical attention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. Symptoms may include fever, headache, stiff neck, and nausea, and treatment depends on the specific type of meningitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, affecting the central nervous system. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibres, known as myelin. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to various symptoms. While the exact cause of MS is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder with possible genetic, environmental, and infectious triggers.

Muscle spasms are involuntary and painful contractions of a muscle or muscle group that can affect various parts of the body. These spasms, also known as muscle cramps, can occur due to various reasons, such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle overuse, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment options for muscle spasms include stretching, massaging, applying heat or cold, and taking medications to manage pain and relax the affected muscles.

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of severe headaches, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant disability and impacting daily life. Migraines involve the activation of nerve fibres within the wall of brain blood vessels, leading to throbbing pain on one side of the head.