Diseases & Conditions

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. It is a functional disorder, meaning it does not cause damage to the digestive tract but rather involves problems with how the brain and gut work together. IBS is categorised into three main types based on the pattern of bowel movements: IBS with constipation (IBS-C), IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D), and IBS with mixed bowel habits (IBS-M).

Infertility is a condition where a couple is unable to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be caused by problems in the male or female reproductive system or both. Infertility affects approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide.

Influenza, or flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. It can range from mild to severe and is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue. The flu spreads easily from person to person through respiratory droplets and can lead to serious complications, especially in vulnerable groups.

Interstitial nephritis is a kidney condition characterised by inflammation of the renal interstitium, the tissue and space around the renal tubules. This inflammation can impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, leading to various symptoms and complications. Interstitial nephritis can be acute or chronic and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent kidney damage.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, despite having adequate time and a comfortable sleep environment. It affects millions of people worldwide and can be acute or chronic, with the latter lasting for more than three months. Insomnia can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life, mental health, and physical well-being.

Iodine deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient iodine, a crucial element necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. This deficiency can lead to various health issues, ranging from mild to severe, affecting both adults and children. Symptoms of iodine deficiency include swelling in the neck, weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, dry skin, feeling cold, slow heart rate, and learning and memory difficulties.

Iron-deficiency anaemia is a common condition characterised by insufficient iron levels in the body, leading to a decrease in the production of haemoglobin. This can result in various symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically involves increasing iron intake through diet, supplements, or, in severe cases, intravenous iron therapy.

Interstitial cystitis, also known as bladder pain syndrome, is a chronic condition that causes painful urinary symptoms, including pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and discomfort. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be related to inflammation in various organs and parts of the body. Interstitial cystitis can significantly impact quality of life and requires medical attention for proper management.

Itchy skin, or pruritus, is a common and irritating sensation that provokes an urge to scratch the affected area. It can occur anywhere on the body and may be caused by various factors, including skin disorders, systemic diseases, and certain medications. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment and relief from the discomfort associated with itchy skin.

An inguinal hernia is a common condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, causing a bulge in the groin area. It can affect people of all ages but is more prevalent in men. Symptoms may include a visible lump, pain, or discomfort in the groin, especially when coughing, straining, or lifting heavy objects.