Diseases & Conditions

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to various metabolic and physiological disturbances. It is a common endocrine disorder that can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Treatment typically involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy to restore normal hormone levels and alleviate symptoms.

Hirsutism is a condition characterised by excessive hair growth in women and people assigned female at birth, typically in a male-like pattern. It is caused by high levels of male hormones or increased sensitivity of hair follicles to these hormones. Hirsutism can be categorised into several types, and its severity is assessed using the Ferriman-Gallwey scale.

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to high blood calcium levels. This can cause various health issues, including bone thinning, kidney stones, and other complications. There are three main types of hyperparathyroidism: primary, secondary, and tertiary, each with its causes and characteristics.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently elevated. It can lead to serious health complications if left untreated, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The condition is categorised into stages based on blood pressure readings, and there are two main types: primary and secondary hypertension.

Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is a condition in which blood pressure is lower than normal, potentially leading to insufficient blood supply to the heart, brain, and other vital organs. Hypotension can be classified into different types based on the underlying cause and the circumstances under which it occurs. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to manage hypotension effectively and prevent complications.

Hyperlipidaemia is a medical condition characterised by elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. This condition can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes, due to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Treatment options include lifestyle modifications, medications, and regular monitoring of lipid levels.

Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that causes the body's immune system to attack the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage. This results in the thyroid gland being unable to produce sufficient thyroid hormones, causing hypothyroidism. Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries.

High blood cholesterol, or hypercholesterolaemia, is a condition characterised by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. It can lead to the formation of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of high blood cholesterol is crucial for preventing and treating this condition.

Hyperthyroidism is a common thyroid disorder characterised by the overproduction of thyroid hormones. It can cause a range of symptoms and long-term complications if left untreated. Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery.

Hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, is a common condition triggered by an allergic reaction to airborne particles like pollen, mould, and pet dander. It is a type of seasonal allergy that affects millions worldwide, causing symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes. Seasonal allergies occur when the body's immune system overreacts to specific allergens, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals that trigger allergic symptoms.