Diseases & Conditions

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, causing a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. It is typically caused by an electrical malfunction in the heart and requires immediate medical attention to prevent sudden cardiac death. Recognising the symptoms of cardiac arrest and providing prompt treatment can significantly improve the chances of survival.

Constipation is a common digestive disorder characterised by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools. It can cause discomfort, pain, and frustration, affecting millions worldwide. Understanding the different types of constipation is essential for selecting the most effective treatment approach.

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. It typically starts as small, noncancerous polyps that can grow into cancerous tumours over time. Early detection through regular screening is crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition. It can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly affects the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors.

Coeliac disease sprue is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an intolerance to gluten. When individuals with coeliac disease consume gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the lining of the small intestine, leading to malnutrition and various symptoms. The primary treatment for coeliac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and typically progresses slowly over time. Early detection through regular screening and HPV vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Cerumen impaction, also known as impacted ear wax, is a common condition that occurs when earwax accumulates and hardens in the ear canal. This can cause symptoms such as hearing loss, ear pain, and dizziness. Treatment options include earwax removal procedures and home remedies.

Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is a condition where an individual has difficulty distinguishing between certain colors. It is most commonly inherited genetically but can also be acquired due to various factors such as eye diseases, injuries, or certain medications. The condition affects the retina's ability to process light and images correctly, leading to a different perception of colors than those with normal color vision.

Cataracts are a common eye condition that causes the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to blurred or distorted vision, glare, and sensitivity to light. The condition typically develops gradually and can affect one or both eyes. Treatment options include lens replacement surgery, which involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial one.

Cycloplegia is a condition that affects the eye's ability to focus properly due to paralysis of the ciliary muscle. It can be caused by various factors such as medication, neurological disorders, trauma, infections, inflammation, or tumours in the eye. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with symptoms typically resolving once the triggering factor is addressed.