Diseases & Conditions

Blood cancer is a type of cancer that affects the blood cells and bone marrow, which are vital for carrying oxygen, fighting infections, and controlling bleeding. There are several types of blood cancer, including leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), each with distinct characteristics and treatments. The stages of blood cancer range from acute (fast-growing) to chronic (slower-growing) and are crucial for determining an appropriate treatment plan. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the blood cancer, and may include stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly affects men as they age. This condition can cause urinary symptoms such as increased frequency, urgency, and difficulty initiating or maintaining a urinary stream, significantly impacting quality of life. Understanding the stages, types, and treatment options for BPH is essential for effective management of this condition.

Breast cancer is a disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the breast, originating from various areas such as the lobules, ducts, or connective tissue. It is one of the most common types of cancer in women, although it can also occur in men. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving breast cancer prognosis.

Bone cancer is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that begins in the bone tissue. It can be primary, starting in the bone, or secondary, spreading to the bone from another part of the body. Symptoms include bone pain, swelling, and weakened bones, and treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the tumour.

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the bladder, a hollow, muscular organ in the pelvis that stores urine. It occurs when cells in the bladder begin to grow uncontrollably, leading to a tumour. The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma, which accounts for about 90% of all bladder cancers. Treatment options depend on the stage and type of bladder cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Brain tumours are abnormal growths of cells in the brain that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are classified based on their origin, aggressiveness, and extent of spread and can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of the tumour, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Bacterial infections are caused by the invasion and multiplication of harmful bacteria in the body. These infections can affect various organs and systems, leading to various symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, often with antibiotics, are crucial for managing bacterial infections effectively.

A brain aneurysm, also known as a cerebral aneurysm, is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain. It occurs when there is a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel, which can cause it to stretch and balloon out. If the aneurysm ruptures, it can lead to a life-threatening condition called a subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria that reside in the vagina. It is characterised by unusual vaginal discharge, a strong fishy odour, and itching or irritation around the vagina. Although BV is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, it is more prevalent among sexually active women and can increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Bronchitis is a common respiratory condition characterised by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing cough and mucus production. It can be acute, lasting a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for several months. Bronchitis affects the respiratory system and overall health, potentially leading to complications if left untreated.