Oral

Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are small, painful lesions that develop within the mouth on the gums, tongue, inner cheeks, lips, or roof of the mouth. These sores are usually harmless and heal within 1-2 weeks, but in some cases, they may indicate a more serious condition. Various factors can cause mouth ulcers, including minor mouth injuries, certain health conditions, and autoimmune diseases.

Cavities, also known as dental caries, are areas of decay that form in teeth when acids erode the tooth enamel. They can occur on any tooth surface and are one of the most common chronic diseases affecting people of all ages. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings can help prevent cavities.

Mouth infections, or oral infections, refer to any infection affecting the oral cavity, including the gums, teeth, tongue, and other tissues in the mouth. These infections can be caused by various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and can range in severity from mild to severe. Common types of mouth infections include canker sores, cold sores, gingivostomatitis, infectious mononucleosis, oral thrush, hand, foot, and mouth disease, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, celiac disease, mouth cancer, and pemphigus vulgaris.

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common dental problem characterised by sharp, temporary pain or discomfort in one or more teeth when exposed to certain stimuli. It occurs when the underlying layer of the teeth, known as dentin, becomes exposed due to factors such as erosion or gum recession. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and cause of the dentin hypersensitivity and may include desensitising toothpaste, fluoride gel, dental bonding, or root canal therapy.

Periodontal (gum) disease is a common dental condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria, leading to inflammation, infection, and potential tooth loss if left untreated. Symptoms of periodontal disease include red, swollen, and bleeding gums, as well as bad breath and tooth sensitivity.