General Conditions

Obesity is a complex disease characterised by excessive body fat that can impair health, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher in adults. It increases the risk of serious health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and osteoarthritis. The fundamental cause of obesity is an imbalance between calories consumed and expended, often resulting from a combination of dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic factors.

Hyponatraemia is a medical condition characterised by low sodium levels in the blood, which can lead to an imbalance in water distribution within the body. It occurs when the sodium concentration falls below the normal range of 135 to 145 milliequivalents per litre (mEq/L). Hyponatraemia can cause various symptoms and complications, depending on its severity and the rate at which sodium levels drop. Treatment for hyponatraemia varies based on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Electrolyte imbalances occur when the levels of essential minerals (electrolytes) in the body become too high or too low. These imbalances can lead to various symptoms and complications, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Maintaining proper electrolyte balance is crucial for the normal functioning of the body's systems, including the heart, muscles, and nerves.

Loss of appetite, or anorexia, is a condition where a person experiences a reduced desire to eat, leading to decreased food intake. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, chronic diseases, mental health conditions, and medication side effects. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, making necessary dietary changes, and ensuring adequate nutrition.

An inguinal hernia is a common condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, causing a bulge in the groin area. It can affect people of all ages but is more prevalent in men. Symptoms may include a visible lump, pain, or discomfort in the groin, especially when coughing, straining, or lifting heavy objects.

Oedema is a medical condition characterised by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. It can affect various parts of the body and may result from factors such as increased pressure in blood vessels or damage to the lymphatic system. Oedema can cause discomfort, reduced mobility, and, in some cases, more severe complications.